Sand is packed around the pattern inside a flask to form the mold.

The pattern is carefully removed, leaving a cavity of the required shape.

Cores are inserted if internal holes or cavities are needed in the casting.

The mold halves are aligned, closed, and securely clamped together.

The required metal is melted in a furnace to the proper pouring temperature.

Molten metal is poured into the mold cavity through the gating system.

The metal cools and solidifies inside the mold.

The sand mold is broken, and the solidified casting is removed.

Excess metal, gates, and risers are removed, and the casting is cleaned.

The finished casting is inspected for dimensional accuracy and defects.